From Atelier Floor to Monument Wall: How Were Tiles Placed Correctly?
Аннотация
There is only one part of the Islamic world that seems to have used mounting marks to guide tile craftsmen,
and only on underglaze tiles. We are talking about Khorezm, which in the 14th century. was under the control
of the Golden Horde. On individual tiles from the territory of the Golden Horde in Russia, on some panels in
the mausoleum of Najm ad-Din Kubra in Kuhna-Urgench and in the mausoleum of Alaeddin in Khiva, marks
were made in the 14th century, and they are ubiquitous on the buildings of Khiva in the 19th century. This
article illustrates these discoveries and discusses the reasons for their rarity. Then the related topic of seemingly
incorrect placement or design of medieval tile panels is discussed. It is concluded that the numbering of the tiles
clearly reflects the practice of having a life-size tiled panel first painted on the ground and then cut for firing
into smaller tiles, regardless of the symmetrical pattern it might display. Perhaps this reflects the uncertainty of
ceramists in the ability of masons or tilers to correctly place even symmetrical cladding on the wall.