The sapalli culture in the system of eurasian antiquities

  • № 34 2022

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Язык: английский

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Аннотация

In Uzbekistan’s extreme south, in the lands of ancient Bactria during the early 2nd millennium BCE, an ancient Eastern-type early urban civilization, known as the Sapalli culture appeared (hereafter designated SC). This article examines the appearance of steppe traditions from the pastoral tribes of Eurasia within the SC, which served as the most important generator in forming this new cultural expression under discussion whose further development occurred during the urban Bactrian period. This topic’s appeal is dictated by the data accumulated in recent years which confirms that these processes in the region were extremely dynamic and diverse.Among the material sources that allow us to analyze the essence of this region’s distinct cultural change during the Late Bronze Age, a special place belongs to the multicultural necropolis of Bustan VI (hereafter referred to as B VI). This site has been widely studied and represents the final stage of the SC (Mollali, Bustan),revealing new facets of originality. Among the burial rites of B VI, along with the established norms of the SC, new ritualistic forms have been recorded (i.e. cremation, partial, and secondary burials, fire-solar rites,animal sacrifice, sacred ceremonial sites, etc.) in which the dominant steppe background is detected. Objects of extraordinary importance include semi-terrestrial mudbrick chambers, which are interpreted as chambers for the cremation of the dead. They represent a completely new phenomenon among the known burial complexes from the Euriasian Bronze Age. A change in the vector of cultural-historical and economic ties can be observed which makes it possible to reasonably substantiate several issues concerning cultural ties to the cultural genesis of Bactrian civilization. The integration process was long and extended over time, and, apparently, of a peaceful nature.

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