The “kangar pottery» from the settlement Of karshovultepa in chach

  • № 32 2021

Страницы: 

43

 – 

52

Язык: английский

Открыть файл статьи
Открыть страницу статьи в Интернет

Аннотация

During archaeological excavations of the medieval monuments of the oases of Tashkent, Turkestan and Otrar,a group of pottery items was revealed, which can be distinguished by a characteristic finish that includes a depressed geometric and floral ornament, engobe and glazed finish. It received the scientific reference title of «Kangar» and is dated to the period of the mid 7th to the mid 9th century. Despite the significant corpus of the «Kangar» pottery accumulated to date, and its expressive texture, being of interest not only from the point of view of archaeological typology and chronology, but also in terms of art history, there have still been no special studies devoted to this type of pottery of the early medieval commercial art. In the course of the excavations undertaken on the settlement of Karshovultepa in the Chinaz district of the Tashkent region, being the ruins of a small fortified town on the right-bank terrace of the Chirchik River, the researchers discovered several vessels belonging to this particular group considered in this article. According to the finds of pottery and coins, the upper layer of the settlement dates back to the late 7th — early 8th century, and we tend to attribute its desolation to the hostilities conducted by the Arab troops of commander Qutayba ibn Muslim during his campaign against Chach / Shash and Fergana in 713-714, and the invasion of the army of the Tang Empire under the command of Gao Xianzhi or Go Seonji in 749 as a result of which the ruler of Chach was executed.The article publishes descriptions of pottery items that complement our understanding of the Kangar pottery,and it is thus being proposed to narrow down the dating, limiting it to the late 7th — early 8th centuries.

Список использованных источников

  1. Abdullaev 1975 - Abdullaev K. Arheologicheskoe izuchenie gorodishha Kanka (1969–1972) // Istorija material’noj kul’tury Uzbekistana. [Archaeological study of the Kanka site (1969 - 1972) // History of material culture of Uzbekistan.] Issue 12. Tashkent, 1975. P. 128–154.
  2. Avizova 2014 - Avizova A.K. Rezul’taty arheologicheskih issledovanij gorodishha Kujuk-Mardan v 2012–2013 gg. // Voshozhdenie k vershinam arheologii. [Results of the archaeological research of the Kuyuk-Mardan site in 2012-2013 // To the heights of archaeology] Almaty, 2014.P. 431–453.
  3. Avizova 2016 - Avizova A.K. Novye arheologicheskie issledovanija na gorodishhe Kujuk-Mardan v Otrarskom oazise // Istorija i arheologija Turana. [New archaeological research at the Kuyuk-Mardan site in the Otrar oasis //History and archeology of Turan] No. 2 Samarkand, 2016.P. 21–36.
  4. Ageeva 1968 - Ageeva E. I. Keramika gorodishha Shaushukumtobe i ee datirovka // Drevnosti Chardary.[The pottery of the Shaushukumtobe archaeological site and its dating // Antiquities of Chardary] Alma-ata: “Nauka”publishers, 1968. P. 92–119.
  5. Akishev, Baipakov, Erzakovich 1972 - Akishev K. A.,Bajpakov K. M., Erzakovich L.B. Drevnij Otrar (topografija,stratigrafija, perspektivy) [The Ancient Otrar (topography,stratigraphy, prospects)] Alma-ata: “Nauka” publishers,1972.
  6. Arenova 2018 - Arenova G. C. «Postup’ vremeni». Arheologicheskoe nasledie Turkestanskogo oblastnogo istoriko-kraevedcheskogo muzeja. [“The march of time”. The archaeological heritage of the Turkestan Regional Museum of History and Local Lore] Shymkent, 2018.Baypakov 1986 - Baypakov K. M. Srednevekovaja gorodskaja kul’tura Juzhnogo Kazahstana i Semirech’ja (VI – nachalo XIII v.). [Medieval urban culture of the southern Kazakhstan and Semirechye (the 6th - early 13th centuries)]Alma-ata: “Nauka” publishers, 1986.
  7. Baypakov 2009 - Baypakov K. M. Zapadnotjurkskij i Tjurgeshskij kaganaty: tjurki i sogdijcy, step’ i gorod // Izvestija NAN RK. Serija obshhestvennyh i gumanitarnyh nauk.[The Western Turkic and Turgesh Kaganates: Turks and Sogdians, the steppe and the city. // The Bulletin of the NAS, RK. Social sciences and humanities series. No.1 (268). Almaty: National Academy of Sciences of the RK, 2009. P. 105–146.
  8. Baypakov, Erzakovich 1991 - Baypakov K. M., Erzakovich L.B. Ceramics of medieval Otrar. Almaty: Oner, 1991.Baypakov, Ternovaya 2001 - Baypakov K. M., Ternoresults of the ethnocultural symbiosis, which became a dominant trend throughout the medieval history of Transoxiana, associated with the arrival of new waves of the Turkic population. The result, embodied here is the craft and commercial art of manufacture of the household and art pottery that occupied the most important place in the daily life of the people.
  9. vaya G. A. Zhenskie bozhestva Kazahstana na Velikom Shelkovom puti // Izvestija MON RK, NAN RK [The female deities of Kazakhstan on the Great Silk Road // The Bulletin of the MES of RK, NAS of RK] Social sciences series.No. 1 (230). Almaty: Gylym, 2001. P. 219–248.
  10. Baitanaev, Ergeshbaev, Suleimenova 2011 - Baitanaev B.A., Ergeshbaev A., Suleimenova Zh. Nekotorye itogi issledovanija gorodishha Zhuantobe 2010 goda // Izvestija NAN RK. Serija obshhestvennyh i gumanitarnyh nauk.[Some results of the research of the Zhuantobe archaeological site in 2010 // The Bulletin of the NAS of RK. Social sciences and humanities series.] No. 3 Almaty: National Academy of Sciences of the RK, 2011. P. 80–89.
  11. Baitanaev, Ergeshbaev, Suleimenova 2013 - Baitanaev B.A., Ergeshbaev A.A., Suleimenova Zh. G. Itogi arheologicheskih rabot na citadeli gorodishha Zhuantobe v 2011–2012 gg. // Izvestija NAN RK. Serija obshhestvennyh i gumanitarnyh nauk. / The results of archaeological work on the citadel of the Zhuantobe site in 2011-2012 // The Bulletin of the NAS of RK. Social sciences and humanities series.] No. 3 Almaty: National Academy of Sciences of the RK, 2013. P. 71–81.
  12. Bartold 1963 - Bartold V. V. Turkestan v jepohu mongol’skogo nashestvija / Bartol’d V. V. Sochinenija. [Turkestan in the era of the Mongol invasion / Bartold V. V.Written works] Volume 1. M: Publishing house of oriental literature, 1963.
  13. Bogomolov 2011 - Bogomolov G. I. K tipologii i znacheniju tamgoobraznyh znakov na keramike Chacha // Arheologija Kazahstana v jepohu nezavisimosti: itogi,perspektivy. [On the typology and meaning of tamga-like signs on the pottery of Chach // Archeology of Kazakhstan in the era of independence: results and prospects] Volume III. Almaty, 2011. P. 91–105.
  14. Bolshakov 1980 - Bolshakov O. G. K istorii Talasskoj bitvy (751 g.) // Strany i narody Vostoka. [On the history of the Battle of Talas (751) // The countries and peoples of the East] Issue 22. M: “Nauka” publishers, 1980. P. 132–136. Bolshakov 2010 - Bolshakov O. G. Istorija halifata. Tom IV. Apogej i padenie arabskogo Halifata (695–750). [History of the Caliphate. Tom IV. The rise and fall of the Arab Caliphate (695 - 750). M: “Vostochnaya Literatura” (“Oriental Literature”) Publishers, 2010.
  15. Buryakov 1982 - Buryakov Yu. F. Genezis i jetapy razvitija gorodskoj kul’tury Tashkentskogo oazisa. [The genesis and stages of development of the urban culture of the Tashkent oasis] Tashkent: Fan Publishers, 1982.
  16. Buryakov, Kasymov, Rostovtsev 1973 - Buryakov Yu. F.,Kasymov M. R., Rostovtsev O. M. Arheologicheskie pamjatniki Tashkentskoj oblasti. [The archaeological sites of the Tashkent region] Tashkent: Fan Publishers, 1973.
  17. Grigoriev 1935 - Grigoriev G. B. Otchet ob arheologicheskoj razvedke v Jangijul’skom rajone UzSSR v 1934 g.[The report on archaeological exploration in the Yangiyul district of the UzSSR in 1934] Tashkent: Publishing house of the Committee of Sciences of the UzbekSSR, 1935.
  18. Zheleznyakov 2011 - Zheleznyakov B.A. K voprosu o datirovke verhnih sloev gorodishha Zhuantobe [The question of dating the upper layers of the Zhuantobe archaeological site revisited] Izvestiya NAS RK. Social sciences and humanities series.] No. 3. Almaty: National Academy of Sciences of the RK, 2011. P. 90–100.
  19. Ibn al-Athir 2006 - Ibn al-Athir. Al-Kamil fi-t-tarih (Polnyj svod istorii) [Al-Kamil fi-t-tarikh (Complete collection of history)] Translation from Arabic, notes and comm. by P. G. Bulgakov. Tashkent: Uzbekistan, 2006 .
  20. Ilyasova 1997 - Ilyasova S.R. Rannesrednevekovaja keramika zamka Aktepa Junusabadskogo v Tashkente [Early medieval ceramics of Aktepa Yunusabad castle in Tashkent] History of material culture of Uzbekistan. Issue 28. Samarkand, 1997. P. 117–124.
  21. Ilyasova 2020 -Ilyasova S.R. Ochagi-altari s gorodishha Shodmalik-ota // Uzbekistan i Central’naja Azija v sisteme mirovoj civilizacii. [The hearth-altars from the archaeological site of Shodmalik-ota // Uzbekistan and Central Asia in the system of world civilization] Samarkand,2020. P. 134–136.
  22. Klyashtorny 2003 - Klyashtorny S.G. Istorija Central’noj Azii i pamjatniki runicheskogo pis’ma. [The history of Central Asia and monuments of runic writing] Saint Petersburg:Philological Faculty of St. Petersburg State University,2003.
  23. Levina 1971 - Levina L. M. Keramika Nizhnej i Srednej Syrdar’i v I tysjacheletii n.je. [The pottery of the Lower and Middle Syrdarya in the 1st millennium AD] M: 1971.Rtveladze 2006 - Rtveladze E. C. Istorija i numizmatika Chacha (vtoraja polovina III – seredina VIII v. n.je.). [The history and numismatics of Chach (late 3rd - mid-8th century AD)] Tashkent: Media Land, 2006.
  24. Smagulov 2011а - Smagulov E. A. Arheologicheskie issledovanija gorodishha Altyntobe v Otrarskom oazise:Nahodki // Izvestija NAN RK. Serija obshhestvennyh i gumanitarnyh nauk [The archaeological research at the Altyntobe site in the Otrar oasis: The Finds // The Bulletin of the NAS, RK. Social sciences and humanities series.] No. 3 (282). Almaty: National Academy of Sciences of the RK,2011. P. 57–79.
  25. Smagulov 2011b - Smagulov E. A. K izucheniju kul’tovyh atributov V-X vv. na srednej Syrdar’e // Arheologija Kazahstana v jepohu nezavisimosti: itogi, perspektivy. [On the study of the cult paraphernalia of the 5th-10th centuries in the Middle reaches of the Syrdarya River // Archeology of Kazakhstan in the era of independence: results and prospects] Volume III. Almaty,2011. P. 35–41.
  26. Smagulov 2013 - Smagulov E. A. Kuril’nicy Juzhnogo Kazahstana // Priaral’e na perekrestke kul’tur. [Incense burners of South Kazakhstan // The Aral Sea region on the crossroads of cultures] Samarkand: IICAS, 2013. P. 88–108.Smagulov 2017 - Smagulov E. Drevnij Turkestan: shtrihi k istoricheskomu portretu. [The Ancient Turkestan: tweaking the historical portrait] Almaty, 2017.
  27. Smagulov, Yatsenko 2010 - Smagulov E. A., Yatsenko S.A. Znaki-nishan (tamgi) i sjuzhetnye graffiti V–VIII vv.na keramike gorodishha Sidak na srednej Syrdar’e // Otzvuki velikogo Horezma. [The nishan signs (tamgas) and story-driven graffiti of the 5th-8th c. pottery of the Sidak site in the middle reaches of the Syrdarya River // The echoes of the Great Khorezm] M: IEA RAN, 2010. P. 190–221.
  28. Tabari 1987 - Istorija at-Tabari. [History by at-Tabari] Translation from Arabic by V. I. Belyaev. Tashkent: Fan Publishers, 1987.
  29. TPICA TDCA 2019 – Tamgi doislamskoj Central’noj Azii. [Tamgas of the Pre-Islamic Central Asia] Samarkand:IICAS, 2019. Shagalov, Kuznetsov 2006 - Shagalov V. D., Kuznetsov A. V. Katalog monet Chacha III–VIII vv. [The catalog of Chach coins of the 3rd - 8th centuries] Tashkent, 2006.Sheiko, Ivanov, Ilyasov 2018 - Sheiko K. A., Ivanov G.
  30. P., Ilyasov Dzh. Ya. Arheologicheskie issledovanija na gorodishhe Karshovultepa // Arheologicheskie issledovanija v Uzbekistane 2015–2017 goda [The archaeological research at the Karshovultpa site // The archaeological research in Uzbekistan 2015-2017] Issue 11. Samarkand, 2018. P. 266–269.
  31. Yatsenko, Smagulov 2019 - Yatsenko S.A., Smagulov E. A. Znaki gorodishh Chacha // Tamgi doislamskoj Central’noj Azii. [The signs of the towns of Chach // Tamgas of the pre-Islamic Central Asia] Samarkand: IICAS, 2019. P.198–228. Hulsewe, A.F.P., Loewe, M.A.N. (1979). China in Central Asia. The Early Stage: 125 B.C. – A.D. 23. Leiden: E. J.Brill.Ilyasov, J. (2022). End of a Long Way: Tamga-signs from Qarshovultepa // Cultures in Contacts. Central Asia as Focus of Trade, Cultural Exchange and Knowledge Transmission. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Central Asian Archaeology held at the University of Bern, Switzerland, 13–15 February 2020. Wiesbaden:Harrassowitz Verlag.Sheyko, K. A., Ivanov, G. P., Ilyasov, J. Ya. (2019). Archaeological Research at the Qarshovul Tepa Site, Uzbekistan, Urban Cultures of Central Asia from the Bronze Age to the Karakhanids: Learnings and conclusions from new archaeological investigations and discoveries. Proceedings of the First International Congress on Central Asian Archaeology held at the University of Bern, 4–6 February 2016.Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2019. P. 261–282.Tabari, M., Hinds, M. (1990). The Zenith of the Marwanid House, The History of al-Tabari, vol. XXIII, trans.and annot. by Martin Hinds, Albany.

Список всех публикаций, цитирующих данную статью