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The Era of the Zeravshan Paleometal: The Interaction of Two Polar Systems

Аванесова Н.А.

Каспаров А.Р.

Bulletin of the International institute for Central Asian studies

  • № 29 2020

Страницы: 

13

 – 

22

Язык: английский

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Аннотация

The publication is dedicated to Zeravshan antiquities of the Paleo-metal era, marking the territory of distribution of East European artifacts in the Central Asian interfluve. The considered microdistrict occupies a key position in the Zeravshan basin. Here traces of the interaction of various cultural groups are most fully reflected. This habitable part of the valley at the turn of the 4th-3rd millenniums BC e. was a natural haven for both early farmers (Sarazm) and for herders (Zhukov). It must be pointed out that the differences in the occupied ecological niches affected the models of the economy, which was complex. The aforesaid is confirmed by: — the Saraszm cultural complex, which developed on the basis of agricultural and cattle-breeding economy in combination with metallurgy; — early cattle pastoral economy of the Yamno-Afanasyev type (sacred complex Zhukov and others); — Monuments of the Zeravshan cultural province, such as the Bactrian-Margian civilization (Sazagan Old Speech, etc.); — Shepherd-Andronovo-type shepherd communities specializing in mining and metallurgical production aimed at the development and processing of local raw materials (Karnab, Tugay, etc.). The analyzed complexes indicate the use of the mineral resource potential in trade and exchange operations. These sources model a diversified economic system with production specialization, taking into account the domestic market and trans-regional trade relations. The region is the territory of the largest historical and cultural region of the Central Asian interfluve. The land is at the junction of the contacts of the world of the Eurasian steppes with the settled agricultural centers of the south of Central Asia, which led to active ethnocultural processes. The constantly growing source-study base makes the key position of the cultural indicators of this multicultural region in the evaluation of Eurasian antiquities more and more obvious. Expressive parallels are traced with the pit, Poltava, Potapov-Sintashta and carcass monuments of the Volga-Ural region, reflecting the general laws of development. Active ties were facilitated by the geographical position of the Zeravshan Valley (center of Eurasia) and mineral resources — the development of turquoise lazurite and copper-tin deposits of the region.

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