Ўрта осиёда илк ўрта асрларда танга зарби ва иқтисодий тартиблар
Аннотация
данной статье анализируется развитие и формирование товарно-денежных отношений в Средней Азии в раннем Средневековье. Изначально товарно-денежные отношения основывались на обмене избыточной продукции в натуральной форме — сельскохозяйственные товары и скот. К III-IV векам до н. э. в таких регионах, как Согд, Хорезм и
Фергана, начала развиваться практика чеканки металлических монет. В этот период монеты начали чеканить Селевкиды, Греко-Бактрийское и Кушанское царства. В китайских источниках упоминается, что на монетах Средней Азии изображены образы правителей и лошадей, что свидетельствует о их использовании в качестве средства платежа в торговле. В период Тюркского каганата товарно-денежные отношения развились еще больше, и использование монет стало более широким. Торговля велась либо в форме бартерного обмена, либо с использованием металлических монет. В статье также рассматриваются изменения в экономической системе Средней Азии и то, как эти процессы формировались и развивались через надписи на монетах и титулы правителей в период Тюркского каганата. Археологические находки подтверждают эти процессы и освещают экономическую жизнь Средней Азии.
This article analyzes the development and formation of commodity-money relations in Central Asia during the early Middle Ages. Initially, commodity-money relations were based on the exchange of surplus products in a natural form agricultural goods and livestock. By the 3rd- 4th centuries BC, the practice of minting metal coins began in regions such as Sogd, Khwarazm, and Fergana. During this period, coins were minted by the Seleucid, Greco-Bactrian, and Kushanempires. Chinese sources mention that coins from Central Asia depicted the images of rulers and horses, indicating their use as a means of payment in trade. During the Turkic Khaganate period, commodity-money relations further developed, and the use of coins became widespread. Trade was carried out either in barter form or through metal coins. The article also highlights the changes in the economic system of Central Asia and how these processes took shape and evolved through the inscriptions on coins and the titles of rulers during the Turkic Khaganate period. Archaeological findings confirm these developments and shed light on the economic life of Central Asia.
This article analyzes the development and formation of commodity-money relations in Central Asia during the early Middle Ages. Initially, commodity-money relations were based on the exchange of surplus products in a natural form agricultural goods and livestock. By the 3rd- 4th centuries BC, the practice of minting metal coins began in regions such as Sogd, Khwarazm, and Fergana. During this period, coins were minted by the Seleucid, Greco-Bactrian, and Kushanempires. Chinese sources mention that coins from Central Asia depicted the images of rulers and horses, indicating their use as a means of payment in trade. During the Turkic Khaganate period, commodity-money relations further developed, and the use of coins became widespread. Trade was carried out either in barter form or through metal coins. The article also highlights the changes in the economic system of Central Asia and how these processes took shape and evolved through the inscriptions on coins and the titles of rulers during the Turkic Khaganate period. Archaeological findings confirm these developments and shed light on the economic life of Central Asia.