Математическая модель и вычислительный эксперимент для мониторинга и прогнозирования экологического состояния пограничного слоя атмосферы
- № 6(12) 2017
Страницы:
15
–
28
Язык: русский
Аннотация
В статье рассматривается актуальная проблема, связанная с решением задачи мониторинга и прогнозирования экологического состояния воздушного бассейна промышленных регионов, где имеет место нарушение баланса санитарной нормы окружающей среды вследствие большого количества выбросов вредных веществ. Для решения указанной задачи разработаны математическая модель, описывающая рассматриваемый процесс с помощью уравнений гидромеханики с соответствующими начальными и краевыми условиями и программное обеспечение для проведения комплексного исследования процесса переноса и диффузии загрязняющих веществ, выброшенные в окружающую среду из производственных объектов. Приведены результаты численных расчетов на ЭВМ. Для вывода математической модели объекта использовались основные законы механики и гидротермодинамики (уравнения сохранения массы и баланса сил) с учетом основных параметров, которые играют существенную роль в процессе распространения аэрозольных частиц в атмосфере: скорость ветра и его направления; рельеф местности; коэффициент поглощения вредных аэрозольных мелкодисперсных частиц в атмосфере; физико-механические свойства частиц и т.д. Получено дифференциальное уравнение для расчета скорости осаждения мелкодисперсных и аэрозольных частиц, распространяющихся в приграничном слое атмосферы.
The current problem is related to the solution of the problem of monitoring and forecasting the ecological state of the air basin of industrial regions, where there is a violation of the balance of the sanitary norm of the environment due to a large number of emissions of harmful substances. To solve the problem, a mathematical model has been developed that describes the process under consideration with the help of hydromechanical equations with the corresponding initial and boundary conditions and software for carrying out a complex study of the process of transport and diffusion of pollutants released into the environment from production facilities. The results of numerical calculations are presented. To derive the mathematical model of the object, the basic laws of mechanics and hydrothermodynamics (equations of mass conservation and balance of forces) were used, taking into account the main parameters that play an important role in the process of aerosol particles in the atmosphere: wind speed and direction; terrain relief; absorption coefficient of harmful aerosol fine particles in the atmosphere; physical and mechanical properties of particles, etc. A differential equation was obtained for calculating the sedimentation rate of finely dispersed and aerosol particles propagating in the near-boundary layer of the atmosphere. Keywords: mathematical model, transfer and diffusion of harmful substances, atmosphere, weather and climatic factor, fluid mechanics, numerical algorithm, the software, computational experiment.
Maqolada sanoat hududlarda katta miqdorda zararli moddalar chiqarilishi natijasida sanitar normalar balansi buzilgan hududlarning ekologik holatini monitoring qilish va bashoratlash masalalarini yechish bilan bog’liq muammolar ko’rib chiqiladi. Yuqorida ko’rsatilgan masala yechimi uchun matematik model va ko’rib chiqilayotgan jarayon dasturning tahlili gidromexanik tenglama boshlang’ich va chegaraviy shartlari bilan kompleks tahlil o’tkazish jarayonida ishlab chiqarish korxonalari tomonidan atrof muhitga chiqarilgan zararrli moddalarning ko’chishi va diffuziyasi EHMda hisoblash natijalari keltirilgan. Obyektning matematik model natijasi sifatida mexanikaning asosiy qoidalari va gidrotermodinamika (massa saqlanish va balans kuchi tenglamasi) asosiy parametrlari atmosferaga aerozol zarrachalarining tarqalishi jarayonida muhim rol o’ynovchi shamol tezligi va relyefi, yer maydoni relyefi, zararli kichik dispersion aerozol zarrachalarning yutilish koefitsiyenti va boshqalar hisobga olgan holda foydalanildi. Atmosferaning chegaraviy qatlamida tarqalgan kichik dispersion va aerozol zarrachalarining tarqalish tezligini aniqlash uchun tenglama ishlab chiqildi.
The current problem is related to the solution of the problem of monitoring and forecasting the ecological state of the air basin of industrial regions, where there is a violation of the balance of the sanitary norm of the environment due to a large number of emissions of harmful substances. To solve the problem, a mathematical model has been developed that describes the process under consideration with the help of hydromechanical equations with the corresponding initial and boundary conditions and software for carrying out a complex study of the process of transport and diffusion of pollutants released into the environment from production facilities. The results of numerical calculations are presented. To derive the mathematical model of the object, the basic laws of mechanics and hydrothermodynamics (equations of mass conservation and balance of forces) were used, taking into account the main parameters that play an important role in the process of aerosol particles in the atmosphere: wind speed and direction; terrain relief; absorption coefficient of harmful aerosol fine particles in the atmosphere; physical and mechanical properties of particles, etc. A differential equation was obtained for calculating the sedimentation rate of finely dispersed and aerosol particles propagating in the near-boundary layer of the atmosphere. Keywords: mathematical model, transfer and diffusion of harmful substances, atmosphere, weather and climatic factor, fluid mechanics, numerical algorithm, the software, computational experiment.
Maqolada sanoat hududlarda katta miqdorda zararli moddalar chiqarilishi natijasida sanitar normalar balansi buzilgan hududlarning ekologik holatini monitoring qilish va bashoratlash masalalarini yechish bilan bog’liq muammolar ko’rib chiqiladi. Yuqorida ko’rsatilgan masala yechimi uchun matematik model va ko’rib chiqilayotgan jarayon dasturning tahlili gidromexanik tenglama boshlang’ich va chegaraviy shartlari bilan kompleks tahlil o’tkazish jarayonida ishlab chiqarish korxonalari tomonidan atrof muhitga chiqarilgan zararrli moddalarning ko’chishi va diffuziyasi EHMda hisoblash natijalari keltirilgan. Obyektning matematik model natijasi sifatida mexanikaning asosiy qoidalari va gidrotermodinamika (massa saqlanish va balans kuchi tenglamasi) asosiy parametrlari atmosferaga aerozol zarrachalarining tarqalishi jarayonida muhim rol o’ynovchi shamol tezligi va relyefi, yer maydoni relyefi, zararli kichik dispersion aerozol zarrachalarning yutilish koefitsiyenti va boshqalar hisobga olgan holda foydalanildi. Atmosferaning chegaraviy qatlamida tarqalgan kichik dispersion va aerozol zarrachalarining tarqalish tezligini aniqlash uchun tenglama ishlab chiqildi.