Дополнение к классификации синдрома диабетической стопы
- № 2 2021
Страницы:
50
–
53
Язык: русский
Аннотация
Изучить течение синдрома диабетической стопы и на основании полученных результатов исследования предложить дополнение к комбинированной классификации.
Материал и методы исследования. Обследованы 352 больных с гнойно-некротическими поражениями нижних конечностей на фоне сахарного диабета. Проведены рентгенологические, эхоостеометрические исследования, химический анализ
удаленных костей стопы. Установлены следующие клинические формы течения диабетической стопы: нейропатическая 52,6%, остеоартропатическая 17,6%, шемическая 6,8% и смешанная в 23%.Результаты. Рентгенологическими исследованиями в ранние периоды заболевания часто выявлялись неспецифические изменения в виде
остеопороза. При поздних стадиях в основном установлены деструктивные изменения. Эхоостеометрические исследования позволяли установить снижение звукопроводимости по костям стопы еще в ранние сроки развития, когда отсутствовали видимые деструктивные процессы в стопе. По мнению авторов, снижение звукопроводимости
объясняется с изменением химического состава костей стопы, что связано со снижением костной массы за счет потери микроэлементов. При химическом исследовании обнаружено достоверное снижение содержания кальция в плюсневой кости до 2,078±0,005%, фосфора до 1,43±0,037%, магния 0,67±0,016% и натрия 0,71±0,026% Результатами химического анализа установлено, что деструктивные изменения наблюдаются в тех участках кости,где отмечается потеря более 25-30% костной массы, т.е. при снижении содержания кальция менее 2%. При содержании кальция в костях стопы более 2% деструктивные изменения не наблюдались.Авторы на основании результатов химического анализа костей и эхоостеометрических исследований установили течение остеоартропатической формы синдрома диабетической стопы по двум путям – с деструкцией и без нее. Это обстоятельство позволяло авторам предложить дополнение к комбинированной классификации синдрома диабетической стопы.Вывод. Предложенные дополнения к комбинированной классификации синдрома диабетической стопы с учетом изменений в костях стопы позволяет отражать этиопатогенез поражения, определить тактику лечения, имеет прогностическую значимость и является простым в применении.
Goal. To study the course of diabetic foot syndrome and, based on the results of the study, to propose an addition to the combined classifi cation.Material and methods of research. 352 patients with purulent-necrotic lesions of the lower extremities on the background of diabetes mellitus were examined.Conducted radiographic, echoosteometric studies,chemical analysis of remote bones of the foot.The following clinical forms of diabetic foot were established: neuropathic 52.6%, osteoarthropathic 17.6%, ischemic 6.8% and mixed in 23%.Results. X-ray studies in the early periods of the disease often revealed non-specifi c changes in the form of osteoporosis. In the later stages, destructive changes are mostly established. Echoosteometric studies made it possible to establish a decrease in sound conductivity along the bones of the foot even in the early stages of development, when there were no visible destructive processes in the foot. According to the authors, the decrease in sound conductivity is due to a change in the chemical composition of the foot bones, which is associated with a decrease in bone mass due to the loss of trace elements. A chemical study revealed a signifi cant decrease in the content of calcium in the metatarsal bone to 2.078±0.005%, phosphorus to 1.43±0.037%, magnesium 0.67±0.016% and sodium 0.71±0.026%. The results of chemical analysis showed that destructive changes are observed in those areas of the bone where there is a loss of more than 25-30% of bone mass, i.e. with a decrease in the calcium content of less than 2%. When the calcium content in the foot bones was more than 2%, no destructive changes were observed. Based on the results of chemical analysis of bones and echoosteometric studies, the authors established the course of the osteoarthropathic form of diabetic foot syndrome in two ways — with and without destruction. This circumstance allowed the authors to propose an addition to the combined classifi cation of diabetic foot syndrome.Conclusion. The proposed supplemented to the combined classifi cation of diabetic foot syndrome,taking into account changes in the bones of the foot,allows us to refl ect the etiopathogenesis of the lesion,determine the tactics of treatment, has prognostic signifi cance and is easy to use.
Goal. To study the course of diabetic foot syndrome and, based on the results of the study, to propose an addition to the combined classifi cation.Material and methods of research. 352 patients with purulent-necrotic lesions of the lower extremities on the background of diabetes mellitus were examined.Conducted radiographic, echoosteometric studies,chemical analysis of remote bones of the foot.The following clinical forms of diabetic foot were established: neuropathic 52.6%, osteoarthropathic 17.6%, ischemic 6.8% and mixed in 23%.Results. X-ray studies in the early periods of the disease often revealed non-specifi c changes in the form of osteoporosis. In the later stages, destructive changes are mostly established. Echoosteometric studies made it possible to establish a decrease in sound conductivity along the bones of the foot even in the early stages of development, when there were no visible destructive processes in the foot. According to the authors, the decrease in sound conductivity is due to a change in the chemical composition of the foot bones, which is associated with a decrease in bone mass due to the loss of trace elements. A chemical study revealed a signifi cant decrease in the content of calcium in the metatarsal bone to 2.078±0.005%, phosphorus to 1.43±0.037%, magnesium 0.67±0.016% and sodium 0.71±0.026%. The results of chemical analysis showed that destructive changes are observed in those areas of the bone where there is a loss of more than 25-30% of bone mass, i.e. with a decrease in the calcium content of less than 2%. When the calcium content in the foot bones was more than 2%, no destructive changes were observed. Based on the results of chemical analysis of bones and echoosteometric studies, the authors established the course of the osteoarthropathic form of diabetic foot syndrome in two ways — with and without destruction. This circumstance allowed the authors to propose an addition to the combined classifi cation of diabetic foot syndrome.Conclusion. The proposed supplemented to the combined classifi cation of diabetic foot syndrome,taking into account changes in the bones of the foot,allows us to refl ect the etiopathogenesis of the lesion,determine the tactics of treatment, has prognostic signifi cance and is easy to use.